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The joint symptoms of rheumatoid arthritis (RA) may arise
from an inflammation of the synovium, the tissue that lines the joints and releases a
slippery fluid that lubricates and helps them to move freely. This occurs when the cells
that comprise the immune system are activated and enter the synovium. Most doctors studying
RA now believe that damage to bones begins during the first year or two
that a person has the disease. This is one reason early diagnosis and treatment can be so
important in the management of RA.
The way people feel when they have RA can be very different from one person to another.
In fact, the way an individual experiences the symptoms of the disease can also change
day-by-day. When symptoms are generally mild with intermittent periods of worsening symptoms,
patients are said to be experiencing "flares." During flares, many of the symptoms associated
with RA are suddenly and dramatically aggravated. In contrast, other patients may be more likely
to experience the disease as a steady, consistent progression of worsening symptoms as time
passes.
The symptoms of RA may include:
- Inflamed joints that are swollen and tender;
may also be warm, red, painful, and difficult to move
- Generalized feelings of sickness, lethargy, loss of appetite,
low-grade fever, and weight loss
- Anemia—a decrease in the number of red blood cells to
levels below normal
- Rheumatoid nodules—lumps of inflamed tissue that form beneath the skin,
often over bony areas exposed to a force of pressure, like the elbow (most commonly)
or feet and fingers
- Pericarditis—an inflammation of the linings that
surround the heart
- Pleuritis—an inflammation of the lining that
surrounds the lung
- Inflammation of lung tissue itself
- Vasculitis—inflammation of the blood vessels that can cause
further inflammation and tissue damage that affects the nerves, skin,
or other organs
- Sicca syndrome (or Sjögren's syndrome)—dryness of the eyes and mouth due to
inflammation of tear and salivary glands
The symptoms of RA are used to distinguish its occurrence from that of other forms of
arthritis. Presence of the rheumatoid factor
and the type of joint damage are typically used to distinguish RA from other types of
arthritis. To accurately diagnose RA, a
complete medical history and rigorous physical examination need to be
performed.
Fortunately, there are many treatments being researched and introduced today that
can supplement the tools that doctors and patients already have in their fight against RA.
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